The guaranteed minimum value is given because the actual value varies from transistor to transistor - even for those of the same type! Note that current gain is just a number so it has no units. This is the current gain (strictly the DC current gain). You can ignore this rating in low voltage circuits. Maximum voltage across the collector-emitter junction. This information is also available in suppliers' catalogues. There is a diagram showing the leads for some of the most common case styles in the Connecting section above. The polarities of the two types are different, so if you are looking for a substitute it must be the same type. This shows the type of transistor, NPN or PNP. Please note: the data in this table was compiled from several sources which are not entirely consistent! Most of the discrepancies are minor, but please consult information from your supplier if you require precise data. The quantities shown in the table are explained below. The table below shows the most important technical data for some popular transistors, tables in catalogues and reference books will usually show additional information but this is unlikely to be useful unless you are experienced. They contain a great deal of useful information but they can be difficult to understand if you are not familiar with the abbreviations used. There is no obvious logic to the numbering system. The initial '2N' identifies the part as a transistor and the rest of the code identifies the particular transistor. Codes beginning with 2N, for example 2N3053.The letter at the end identifies versions with different voltage ratings. TIP refers to the manufacturer: Texas Instruments Power transistor. Codes beginning with TIP, for example TIP31A.If a project specifies a higher gain version (BC108C) it must be used, but if the general code is given (BC108) any transistor with that code is suitable. Sometimes a letter is added to the end (eg BC108C) to identify a special version of the main type, for example a higher current gain or a different case style. The rest of the code identifies the particular transistor.There is no obvious logic to the numbering system. The second letter indicates the type for example C means low power audio frequency D means high power audio frequency F means low power high frequency. The first letter B is for silicon, A is for germanium (rarely used now). Codes beginning with B (or A), for example BC108, BC478.
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